Explore how mitochondria-targeting peptides SS-31 and MOTS-c approach cellular energy from different angles — SS-31 stabilizes cardiolipin at the inner membrane while MOTS-c activates AMPK as an exercise mimetic. A research-focused overview of mechanisms, preclinical findings, and the NAD+ connection.
A research-focused overview of tirzepatide’s renal effects — covering GLP-1 kidney biology, clinical trial eGFR data, albuminuria findings, and pharmacokinetics in kidney disease.
A scientific explainer on peptide quality control methods: how HPLC measures purity, mass spectrometry confirms identity, endotoxin testing ensures safety, and amino acid analysis quantifies content. Learn what COA data really means for your research.
Side-by-side research comparison of three nootropic peptides — Semax, Selank, and Cerebrolysin: mechanisms, study evidence, and how they differ.
Research overview of DSIP, Epithalon, and Pinealon in circadian rhythm disorder biology — covering clock gene mechanisms, pineal function, and entrainment pathways.
Comprehensive research guide to injectable melatonin covering bioavailability advantages over oral forms, circadian rhythm research applications, neuroprotection mechanisms, mitochondrial protection, and pharmacokinetic considerations for laboratory investigations.
An accessible guide to bioregulator peptides — the ultrashort peptides (2-4 amino acids) developed by Vladimir Khavinson over 40 years of research. Covers Epithalon, Pinealon, Cortagen, Vesugen, and Crystagen, plus the tissue-specific gene regulation concept.
Research overview of BPC-157 and DSIP in restless leg syndrome — covering dopaminergic pathways, peripheral neuropathy, and periodic limb movements.
Comprehensive research guide on CJC-1295 with DAC — the bioconjugation technology behind its extended half-life, Teichman et al. clinical data on sustained GH/IGF-1 elevation, comparison to no-DAC version, and current research applications.
A comprehensive guide to peptide legality in 2026 — covering the FDA’s stance, research-use framework, Category 2 restrictions, the SAFE Act, RFK Jr.’s reclassification announcement, and state-level variation.
